NAD+

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme found in cells that is central to converting nutrients into usable energy. Research examines its role in redox reactions, mitochondrial output, and repair pathways associated with biological aging. It is categorized as a longevity research compound, and reviews have discussed how NAD+ levels relate to aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration.

NAD+ acts as an electron carrier, cycling between oxidized and reduced forms to shuttle electrons through the reactions that generate cellular energy. It is also a required substrate consumed by sirtuin enzymes, which are studied for metabolic regulation, mitochondrial upkeep, and stress response. This links NAD+ availability to cellular maintenance signaling, a relationship examined in reviews of NAD+ and sirtuins in aging and disease.

Research has studied NAD+ in the context of aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration, largely through reviews and animal models. One animal study reported that NAD+ addressed aging-induced blood-brain barrier damage via the CX43-PARP1 axis. Human trials have mostly examined NAD+-boosting precursors, including a randomized trial of NMN in healthy middle-aged adults and one reporting increased muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women.

Human safety data for subcutaneous NAD+ are limited, and adverse events for NAD+ itself are not summarized in the cited studies. Much of the available human safety information concerns the precursor NMN, whose safety has been reviewed across clinical trials. At least one review has also discussed both promises and safety concerns of NMN as an anti-aging product, so findings should be interpreted cautiously.

Research protocols have used 50–200 mg per administration, 3 times per week in the morning, delivered subcutaneously, with a continuous reported cycle. These figures describe what protocols have used and are not recommendations. Each CoreX order ships with a protocol guide for laboratory reference. Related human trials of NAD+ precursors such as NMN have used oral supplementation rather than direct NAD+ administration.